The Leading Guide To CAS-003 Exam Topics

NEW QUESTION 1
After a large organization has completed the acquisition of a smaller company, the smaller company must implement new host-based security controls to connect its employees’ devices to the network. Given that the network requires 802.1X EAP-PEAP to identify and authenticate devices, which of the following should the security administrator do to integrate the new employees’ devices into the network securely?

• A. Distribute a NAC client and use the client to push the company’s private key to all the new devices.
• B. Distribute the device connection policy and a unique public/private key pair to each new employee’s device.
• C. Install a self-signed SSL certificate on the company’s RADIUS server and distribute the certificate’s public key to all new client devices.
• D. Install an 802.1X supplicant on all new devices and let each device generate a self-signed certificate to use for network access.

Answer: D

NEW QUESTION 2
A security engineer has been hired to design a device that will enable the exfiltration of data from within a well-defended network perimeter during an authorized test. The device must bypass all firewalls and NIDS in place, as well as allow for the upload of commands from a centralized command and control answer. The total cost of the device must be kept to a minimum in case the device is discovered during an assessment. Which of the following tools should the engineer load onto the device being designed?

• A. Custom firmware with rotating key generation
• B. Automatic MITM proxy
• C. TCP beacon broadcast software
• D. Reverse shell endpoint listener

Answer: B

NEW QUESTION 3
A recent penetration test identified that a web server has a major vulnerability. The web server hosts a critical shipping application for the company and requires 99.99% availability. Attempts to fix the vulnerability would likely break the application. The shipping application is due to be replaced in the next three months. Which of the following would BEST secure the web server until the replacement web server is ready?

• A. Patch management
• B. Antivirus
• C. Application firewall
• D. Spam filters
• E. HIDS

Answer: E

NEW QUESTION 4
During a routine network scan, a security administrator discovered an unidentified service running on a new embedded and unmanaged HVAC controller, which is used to monitor the company's datacenter
Port state 161/UDP open 162/UDP open 163/TCP open
The enterprise monitoring service requires SNMP and SNMPTRAP connectivity to operate. Which of the following should the security administrator implement to harden the system?

• A. Patch and restart the unknown services.
• B. Segment and firewall the controller's network
• C. Disable the unidentified service on the controller.
• D. Implement SNMPv3 to secure communication.
• E. Disable TCP/UDP PORTS 161 THROUGH 163

Answer: D

NEW QUESTION 5
select id, firstname, lastname from authors User input= firstname= Hack;man lastname=Johnson
Which of the following types of attacks is the user attempting?

• A. XML injection
• B. Command injection
• C. Cross-site scripting
• D. SQL injection

Answer: D

Explanation:
The code in the question is SQL code. The attack is a SQL injection attack.
SQL injection is a code injection technique, used to attack data-driven applications, in which malicious SQL statements are inserted into an entry field for execution (e.g. to dump the database contents to the attacker). SQL injection must explogt a security vulnerability in an application's software, for example, when user input is either incorrectly filtered for string literal escape characters embedded in SQL statements or user input is not strongly typed and unexpectedly executed. SQL injection is mostly known as an attack vector for websites but can be used to attack any type of SQL database.
Incorrect Answers:
A: The code in the question is not XML code. Therefore this is not an XML injection attack so this answer is incorrect.
B: Command injection is an attack in which the goal is execution of arbitrary commands on the host
operating system via a vulnerable application. Command injection attacks are possible when an application passes unsafe user supplied data (forms, cookies, HTTP headers etc.) to a system shell. The code in the question is not the type of code you would use in a command injection attack.
C: Cross-site scripting (XSS) is a type of computer security vulnerability typically found in Web applications. XSS enables attackers to inject client-side script into Web pages viewed by other users. The code in the question is not the type of code you would use in an XSS attack.
References: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL_injection

NEW QUESTION 6
An SQL database is no longer accessible online due to a recent security breach. An investigation reveals that unauthorized access to the database was possible due to an SQL injection vulnerability. To prevent this type of breach in the future, which of the following security controls should be put in place before bringing the database back online? (Choose two.)

• A. Secure storage policies
• B. Browser security updates
• C. Input validation
• D. Web application firewall
• E. Secure coding standards
• F. Database activity monitoring

Answer: CF

NEW QUESTION 7
A company has received the contract to begin developing a new suite of software tools to replace an aging collaboration solution. The original collaboration solution has been in place for nine years, contains over a million lines of code, and took over two years to develop originally. The SDLC has been broken up into eight primary stages, with each stage requiring an in-depth risk analysis before moving on to the next phase. Which of the following software development methods is MOST applicable?

• A. Spiral model
• B. Incremental model
• C. Waterfall model
• D. Agile model

Answer: C

Explanation:
The waterfall model is a sequential software development processes, in which progress is seen as flowing steadily downwards through identified phases.
Incorrect Answers:
A: The spiral model is a risk-driven process model generator for software projects. Based on the unique risk patterns of a given project, the spiral model guides a team to adopt elements of one or more process models, such as incremental, waterfall, or evolutionary prototyping.
B: The incremental model is used to develop a system through repeated cycles (iterative) and in smaller portions at a time (incremental), allowing software developers to take advantage of what was learned during development of earlier parts or versions of the system. Learning comes from both the development and use of the system, where possible key steps in the process start with a simple implementation of a subset of the software requirements and iteratively enhance the evolving versions until the full system is implemented. At each iteration, design modifications are made and new functional capabilities are added.
D: In the agile software development model, teams of programmers and business experts work closely together, using an iterative approach.
References: https://en.wikipeHYPERLINK
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterfall_model"dia.org/wiki/Waterfall_model https://en.wikipedia.org/wHYPERLINK "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiral_model"iki/Spiral_model https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IterativeHYPERLINK "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iterative_and_incremental_development"_and_incremental_develo pment
BOOK p. 371

NEW QUESTION 8
A pharmacy gives its clients online access to their records and the ability to review bills and make payments. A new SSL vulnerability on a specific platform was discovered, allowing an attacker to capture the data between the end user and the web server providing these services. After the new vulnerability, it was determined that web services provided are being impacted by this new threat. Which of the following data types MOST likely at risk of exposure based on this new threat? (Select Two)

• A. Cardholder data
• B. Intellectual property
• C. Personal health information
• D. Employee records
• E. Corporate financial data

Answer: AC

NEW QUESTION 9
An enterprise with global sites processes and exchanges highly sensitive information that is protected under several countries’ arms trafficking laws. There is new information that malicious nation-state-sponsored activities are targeting the use of encryption between the geographically
disparate sites. The organization currently employs ECDSA and ECDH with P-384, SHA-384, and AES- 256-GCM on VPNs between sites. Which of the following techniques would MOST likely improve the resilience of the enterprise to attack on cryptographic implementation?

• A. Add a second-layer VPN from a different vendor between sites.
• B. Upgrade the cipher suite to use an authenticated AES mode of operation.
• C. Use a stronger elliptic curve cryptography algorithm.
• D. Implement an IDS with sensors inside (clear-text) and outside (cipher-text) of each tunnel between sites.
• E. Ensure cryptography modules are kept up to date from vendor supplying the

Answer: C

NEW QUESTION 10
A technician receives the following security alert from the firewall's automated system: Match_Time: 10/10/16 16:20:43
Serial: 002301028176
Device_name: COMPSEC1 Type: CORRELATION
Scrusex: domain\samjones Scr: 10.50.50.150
Object_name: beacon detection Object_id: 6005
Category: compromised-host Severity: medium
Evidence: host repeatedly visited a dynamic DNS domain (17 time) After reviewing the alert, which of the following is the BEST analysis?

• A. the alert is a false positive because DNS is a normal network function.
• B. this alert indicates a user was attempting to bypass security measures using dynamic DNS.
• C. this alert was generated by the SIEM because the user attempted too many invalid login attempts.
• D. this alert indicates an endpoint may be infected and is potentially contacting a suspect hos

Answer: B

NEW QUESTION 11
A systems administrator recently joined an organization and has been asked to perform a security assessment of controls on the organization’s file servers, which contain client data from a number of sensitive systems. The administrator needs to compare documented access requirements to the access implemented within the file system.
Which of the following is MOST likely to be reviewed during the assessment? (Select two.)

• A. Access control list
• B. Security requirements traceability matrix
• C. Data owner matrix
• D. Roles matrix
• E. Data design document
• F. Data access policies

Answer: DF

NEW QUESTION 12
Wireless users are reporting issues with the company’s video conferencing and VoIP systems. The security administrator notices internal DoS attacks from infected PCs on the network causing the VoIP system to drop calls. The security administrator also notices that the SIP servers are unavailable
during these attacks. Which of the following security controls will MOST likely mitigate the VoIP DoS attacks on the network? (Select TWO).

• A. Install a HIPS on the SIP servers
• B. Configure 802.1X on the network
• C. Update the corporate firewall to block attacking addresses
• D. Configure 802.11e on the network
• E. Configure 802.1q on the network

Answer: AD

Explanation:
Host-based intrusion prevention system (HIPS) is an installed software package that will monitor a single host for suspicious activity by analyzing events taking place within that host.
IEEE 802.11e is deemed to be of significant consequence for delay-sensitive applications, such as Voice over Wireless LAN and streaming multimedia.
Incorrect Answers:
B: 802.1X is used by devices to attach to a LAN or WLAN.
C: Updating the corporate firewall will not work as the DoS attacks are from an internal source. E: 802.1q is used for VLAN tagging.
References: https:HYPERLINK
"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrusion_prevention_system"//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrusion_pre vention_system
https://en.wikipedia.orHYPERLINK "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11e- 2005"g/wiki/IEEE_802.11e-2005
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.1X https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.1Q

NEW QUESTION 13
An accountant at a small business is trying to understand the value of a server to determine if the business can afford to buy another server for DR. The risk manager only provided the accountant with the SLE of $24,000, ARO of 20% and the exposure factor of 25%. Which of the following is the correct asset value calculated by the accountant?

• A. $4,800
• B. $24,000
• C. $96,000
• D. $120,000

Answer: C

Explanation:
The annualized loss expectancy (ALE) is the product of the annual rate of occurrence (ARO) and the single loss expectancy (SLE). It is mathematically expressed as: ALE = ARO x SLE
Single Loss Expectancy (SLE) is mathematically expressed as: Asset value (AV) x Exposure Factor (EF) Thus if SLE = $ 24,000 and EF = 25% then the Asset value is SLE/EF = $ 96,000
References: http://www.financeformulas.net/Return_on_Investment.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risk_assessmeHYPERLINK "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risk_assessment"nt

NEW QUESTION 14
A security engineer is embedded with a development team to ensure security is built into products being developed. The security engineer wants to ensure developers are not blocked by a large number of security requirements applied at specific schedule points. Which of the following solutions BEST meets the engineer’s goal?

• A. Schedule weekly reviews of al unit test results with the entire development team and follow up between meetings with surprise code inspections.
• B. Develop and implement a set of automated security tests to be installed on each development team leader’s workstation.
• C. Enforce code quality and reuse standards into the requirements definition phase of the waterfall development process.
• D. Deploy an integrated software tool that builds and tests each portion of code committed by developers and provides feedback.

Answer: C

NEW QUESTION 15
An administrator has enabled salting for users' passwords on a UNIX box. A penetration tester must attempt to retrieve password hashes. Which of the following files must the penetration tester use to eventually obtain passwords on the system? (Select TWO).

• A. /etc/passwd
• B. /etc/shadow
• C. /etc/security
• D. /etc/password
• E. /sbin/logon
• F. /bin/bash

Answer: AB

Explanation:
In cryptography, a salt is random data that is used as an additional input to a one-way function that hashes a password or passphrase. In this question, enabling salting for users' passwords means to store the passwords in an encrypted format.
Traditional Unix systems keep user account information, including one-way encrypted passwords, in a text file called ``/etc/passwd''. As this file is used by many tools (such as ``ls'') to display file ownerships, etc. by matching user id #'s with the user's names, the file needs to be world-readable. Consequentially, this can be somewhat of a security risk.
Another method of storing account information is with the shadow password format. As with the traditional method, this method stores account information in the /etc/passwd file in a compatible
format. However, the password is stored as a single "x" character (ie. not actually stored in this file). A second file, called ``/etc/shadow'', contains encrypted password as well as other information such as account or password expiration values, etc.
Incorrect Answers:
C: The /etc/security file contains group information. It does not contain usernames or passwords. D: There is no /etc/password file. Usernames are stored in the /etc/passwd file.
E: There is no /sbin/logon file. Usernames are stored in the /etc/passwd file.
F: /bin/bash is a UNIX shell used to run a script. It is not where usernames or passwords are stored. References:
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/lame/LAME/linux-admin-made-easy/shadow-file-formats.HYPERLINK "http://www.tldp.org/LDP/lame/LAME/linux-admin-made-easy/shadow-file-formats.html"html

NEW QUESTION 16
The helpdesk manager wants to find a solution that will enable the helpdesk staff to better serve company employees who call with computer-related problems. The helpdesk staff is currently unable to perform effective troubleshooting and relies on callers to describe their technology problems. Given that the helpdesk staff is located within the company headquarters and 90% of the callers are telecommuters, which of the following tools should the helpdesk manager use to make the staff more effective at troubleshooting while at the same time reducing company costs? (Select TWO).

• A. Web cameras
• B. Email
• C. Instant messaging
• D. BYOD
• E. Desktop sharing
• F. Presence

Answer: CE

Explanation:
C: Instant messaging (IM) allows two-way communication in near real time, allowing users to collaborate, hold informal chat meetings, and share files and information. Some IM platforms have added encryption, central logging, and user access controls. This can be used to replace calls between the end-user and the helpdesk.
E: Desktop sharing allows a remote user access to another user’s desktop and has the ability to function as a remote system administration tool. This can allow the helpdesk to determine the cause of the problem on the end-users desktop.
Incorrect Answers:
A: Web cameras can be used for videoconferencing. This can be used to replace calls between the end-user and the helpdesk but would require the presence of web cameras and sufficient bandwidth. B: Email can be used to replace calls between the end-user and the helpdesk but email communication is not in real-time.
D: Bring your own device (BYOD) is a relatively new phenomena in which company employees are allowed to connect their personal devices, such as smart phones and tablets to the corporate network and use those devices for work purposes.
F: Presence is an Apple software product that is similar to Windows Remote Desktop. It gives users access to their Mac's files wherever they are. It also allows users to share fi les and data between a Mac, iPhone, and iPad.
References:
Gregg, Michael, and Billy Haines, CASP CompTIA Advanced Security Practitioner Study Guide, John Wiley & Sons, Indianapolis, 2012, pp. 347, 348, 351

NEW QUESTION 17
An organization has decided to reduce labor costs by outsourcing back office processing of credit applications to a provider located in another country. Data sovereignty and privacy concerns raised by the security team resulted in the third-party provider only accessing and processing the data via remote desktop sessions. To facilitate communications and improve productivity, staff at the third party has been provided with corporate email accounts that are only accessible via the remote
desktop sessions. Email forwarding is blocked and staff at the third party can only communicate with staff within the organization. Which of the following additional controls should be implemented to prevent data loss? (Select THREE).

• A. Implement hashing of data in transit
• B. Session recording and capture
• C. Disable cross session cut and paste
• D. Monitor approved credit accounts
• E. User access audit reviews
• F. Source IP whitelisting

Answer: CEF

Explanation:
Data sovereignty is a legal concern where the data is governed by the laws of the country in which the data resides. In this scenario the company does not want the data to fall under the law of the country of the organization to whom back office process has be outsourced to. Therefore we must ensure that data can only be accessed on local servers and no copies are held on computers of the outsource partner. It is important therefore to prevent cut and paste operations.
Privacy concerns can be addressed by ensuring the unauthorized users do not have access to the dat
A. This can be accomplished though user access auditing, which needs to be reviewed on an ongoing basis; and source IP whitelisting, which is a list of IP addresses that are explicitly allowed access to the system.
Incorrect Answers:
A: Hashing is used to ensure data integrity. In other words, it ensures that the data has not been altered and is in its true, original state. This does not address data sovereignty and privacy concerns. B: Session recording and capture would represent an additional potential threat for privacy concerns should an unauthorized user access the recorded session data.
D: The monitoring of approved credit accounts is a processing issue. It is not related to data sovereignty or privacy concerns.
References:
Gregg, Michael, and Billy Haines, CASP CompTIA Advanced Security Practitioner Study Guide, John Wiley & Sons, Indianapolis, 2012, pp. 17-19, 204, 247

NEW QUESTION 18
A security administrator wants to calculate the ROI of a security design which includes the purchase of new equipment. The equipment costs $50,000 and it will take 50 hours to install and configure the equipment. The administrator plans to hire a contractor at a rate of $100/hour to do the installation. Given that the new design and equipment will allow the company to increase revenue and make an additional $100,000 on the first year, which of the following is the ROI expressed as a percentage for the first year?

• A. -45 percent
• B. 5.5 percent
• C. 45 percent
• D. 82 percent

Answer: D

Explanation:
Return on investment = Net profit / Investment where: Net profit = gross profit – expenses
investment = stock + market outstanding[when defined as?] + claims or
Return on investment = (gain from investment – cost of investment) / cost of investment Thus (100 000 – 55 000)/50 000 = 0,82 = 82 %
References:
Gregg, Michael, and Billy Haines, CASP CompTIA Advanced Security Practitioner Study Guide, John Wiley & Sons, Indianapolis, 2012, p. 337 http://www.financeformulas.net/Return_on_Investment.html

NEW QUESTION 19
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